Loom



R. MARX March 5, I929.

LOOM

Filed Dec. 30, 1925 2 SheetsSheet Mai-ch 5, 1929. g, MARX 1,704,620

LOOM

Filed Dec. 30, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2:

Patented Mar. 5, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

3.10am or rmannnmna, rmsnvmu.

noon. I

Application Med December 80, 1925. seflal lwo. 78,489.

This invention relates to looms for weaving pile fabrics, and moreparticularly to looms of the type emplo g pile wires ar front elevationthe frame which carries the wire-supporting blades together with theessential parts for actuating the blades;

{Fig 3 is a side elevat on of the parts illustrated in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is asectlon on the line 4-4, F1g. 2;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view illustratln the relative positions of thepile wire an of the warps in gne shed, and

Fig. 6 is a view correspondlng to Fig. 5 illustrati the relativepositions of the warps in t e opposite shed.

With reference to the drawings, 1 desig nates the harness of the loom, 2the lay, and 3 the pile wires which pass through the reed 4 and whichhaveat their outer ends guides 5 for rotary cutters 6. The nature of 5the cutting means may vary largely, and has no part in the presentinvention.

The other ends of the pile wires 3 are respectively supported at theupper ends of upright blades 7 mounted in a frame 8 intermediate theharness and the lay. As shown in Fig. 2, this frame comprises twouprights 9, 9 and three horizontal cross bars 10, 11 and 12, the latteras shown in Fig. 3

being oflset laterally from the frame. The

bars 10 and 11 function to support a series of upright rods 13corresponding in general with the reeds, the warp threads passingbetween and being separated by the rods which accordingly constitutevertical guides for the threads. As clearly illustrated in Figs. 2, 3and 4, each of the rods 13 has near the upper end flanges 14 and 15extending transversely from the. front and rear edges of the'rod and inopposite directions,

these flanges being widest at their mid points and decreasing in widthtowards both top and bottom so as to merge into the sides of the rods.

' The cross bar 12 constitutes both a su port and a fulcrum for theblades 7 As s own not too abruptly in Fi 3, the blades are rovidedintermediook formation 16 of the bar 12, and

ate t eir ends with a which fits over the top the latter is shown inFlg. 2 as provided with a series of slots 17 in which the blades areseated, and these slots are so arranged that the blades occupy positionsopposite the spaces between the rods 13. Alsov as previously described,the cross bar 12 is offset rearwardly from the frame so that only theinwardly offset and comparatively thin and flexible upper ends 18 of theblades lie between the guide rods 13. As shown in Fig.

3, the upper extremities of the blades lie.

opposite the flanges 14 and 15, and at a point lmmediately below theflanges eachof 'the blades has a forwardly projecting tongue 19 to whichthe upper end of the associated pile wire is attached.

' Mounted for longitudinal reciprocation on the frame 8 below the crossbar 12 is a beam 20, and the lower recessed ends of the majority of theblades 7 fit down over this beam and extend into transverse slots 21therein whereby the longitudinal reciprocal-- tory movement of the beamresults in oscillation of the blades about their fulbrums on the bar 12.

As stated above, the majority of the blades 7 is pivotally connectedwith the beam 20. By reference to Fig. 2, it will be noted that a numberof the blades on the extreme ri ht-hand side have their lower portions 0set and somewhat shorter than the others, and this series of blades isoperatively connected with a second transversely reciprocatory andrelatively short beam 22 mounted in the present instance upon the beam20 and attached to the latter by links 23 which permit the requiredrelative movement as hereinafter described. Both the beams 20 and 22 areshown actuated in the present instance'from the main shaft 24 of theloom through the medium of a cam 25 on the shaft. The beam 20 isconnected with the cam through an oscillatory lever 26 and a roller 26thereon which directly engages the cam. The beam 22 is connected to thecam through a lever 27 pivoted inthe present instance at 28 "lever 27 ispivotally connected and which carries a roller 27 directly engaging thecam.. It will be noted, however, that the cam 25 is so formed that in asingle revolution it gives the beams one full reciprocation, and therollers 26 and 27" are set 90 apart in the cam groove so that themovement of one of the beams leads the other by a predetermined amount,for a pur ose hereinafter described. As a result of t is differentialmovement of the beams, the blades 7 connected with the respective beamsare also oscillated difii'erentially. In order to prevent contactbetween the lower ends of the two sets of blades, the lower ends of theblades engaged with the beam 22 may be ofisBet away from the otherblades, as shown in i 2.

. Alt ough the number and character of the warp threads may vary widelyaccording to the nature and desired characteristics of the fabric, Ihave for the purpose of illustration shown in the present instance apile warp 30 and binder warpsv 31 and 32, the warp 31 being elevated anddepressed in the shedforming operation with the pile warp 30, althoughmoving in an opposite phase to the warps 32.

The mode of operation of this type of loom is in general well known tothose acquainted with the art. The heddles reciprocate oppositely toform the shed for passage of the operates in the usual fashion to beatin the wefts or filler threads deposited by the shuttle. It isessential, however, in order that the pile warps may be reciprocatedsuccessively on opposite sldes of the respective pile wires in theloop-forming operations, that these warps 30 be elevated to an extentgreater than the binder warps and sufliciently high to permit the upperends of the blades 7 to pass underneath the warps 30 in their movementbetween the uides 13. Since the ile warps are operated? through the samearness that operates the binder warps, the travel of the warps 30, whilethe same in extent as the travel of the other warps terminates at bothends of its travel in points higher than the corresponding terminalpositions of the warps 31 and 32. As a result of the discrepancy in thelower terminal positions of the warps, the shed is never as wide openwhen the warp 30 is down as when it is elevated. This will be readilyunderstood by reference to Figs. 5 and 6, the first of which shows theshed formation vVhen the pile warp is elevated, while Fig. 6 shows theshed with the pile warp down.

In looms of this type and with the pile warps all moving together in thesame directionwhich. is the common operation-it shuttle or shuttles andthe'lay will be apparent that when the shuttle moves in one directionthe warp 30 is always elevated, and in the other direction always down..When the warp 30 is elevated the weft at that edge from which theshuttle moves lies close in against the. formed fabric, as shown in Fig.5, and when the weft is beaten in a tight and even selvage results.When, as shown in Fig. 6, the warp 30. is down, the weft thread 39 isprevented by the warp 30 from lying close against the formed fabric atthat edge from which the shuttle has moved, and accordingly when theweft is beaten in there-is formed at this edge a loose loop which fwithothers similarly "formed destroys the appearance of the selvage.

My present invention overcomes this fault by having the pile warp orwarps adjacent each edge in elevated position when the shuttle is aboutto move other. In other words, the pile' warp or warps at that edge fromwhich the shuttle moves, ineach movement of the latter, occupies theelevated position, thereby insuring a tight selvage on both sides of thefabric. This I accomplish by controlling the ile warps immediatelyadjacent one edge y means of heddles 33 connected to the frames 34 ofthenormal harness by means of cords 35 and 36 attached to the top andbottom respectively of the frame 34 and ex tending over and underrollers 37 and 38, as shown in Fig. 1. Obviously as the frame 34 movesup .and down the heddles-33 are oppositely reciprocated. hisdiiferential movement of a number of the pile warps requires acooperative movement of the blades 7, and this is obtained through themedium of the reciprocatory beams 20 and '22, previously described, itbeing understood that the number of the blades connected with the beam22 correspond in number and position with those of the pile warpscontrolled by the heddles 33. Since the blades 7 are shifted when thepile warps are elevated, and since the warps in the heddles 33 are upwhen those in the frames 34 are depressed,and vice versa, it obviouslybecomes necessary to shift the blades associated with one set of pilewarps earlier or later, as the case may be, than the blades associatedwith the-other set of pile warps, and this is accomplished by connectingthe beams 20 and 22 to the operating cam in the manner previouslydescribed. The movement of the harness and of the blades 7 is so timedthat the lag of one set of blades behind the other corresponds with thetime required for the harness to move from one position to the other.

from that side to the From the foregoing description, the mechinsuring aperfect selvage at both sides of the woven fabric, overcomes a previousserious objection to this type of loom.

It will be understood that there may be considerable modification in themanner of accomplishing the desired end and in the mechanism hereindescribed and illustrated.

I claim:

1. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warp-wise pile wires,of mechanism for vertically reciprocating a corresponding number of pilewarps including means for obtaining an opposite reciprocation of thewa-rps at the opposite sides of the loom, whereby in each pass oftheshuttle the pile warp on the side from which the shuttle enters may bein an elevated position and mechanism for transversely and cooperativelyreciprocating the wires across the paths of the pile warps whereby thelatter are successively reciprocated on opposite sides of theirrespective wires.

2. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of transversely movablewarp-wise pile wires, of mechanism for vertically reciprocating acorresponding number of pile warps including means for obtaining anopposite reciprocation of the warps at opposite sides of the loom,whereby in each pass of the shuttle the pile warp on the side from whichthe shuttle enters may be in an elevated position and mechanism fortransversely reciprocating the pile wires across the path of the saidwarps and cooperatively with the movement of the latter whereby thewarps are successively reciprocated on opposite sides of theirrespective wires.

3. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of transversely movablewarp-wise pile wires, of a corresponding number of pile warps, mechanismfor vertically reciprocating the pile warps including means forobtaining an opposite reciprocation of the warps at the opposite sidesof the loom,

.whereby in each pass of the shuttle the pile warp on the side fromwhich the shuttle enters may be in an elevated position and mechanismfor transversely movmg the p1le wires cooperatively with the movement ofsaid warps including independently movable actuating elements for thetwo groups of pile wires corresponding with the two groups of oppositelyreciprocated warps.

4. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of transversely movablewar -wise pile wires, of a corresponding num er of pile warps, mechanismfor vertically reciprocating the pile warps including means forobtaining an opposite reciprocation of the warps at the opposite sidesof the loom, whereby in each pass of the shuttle the pile warp on theside from which the suttle enters may be in' an elevated positionmechanism for transversely moving the pile wires cooperatively with themovement of said warps including independently movable actuatingelements for the two groups of pile wires corresponding with the twogroups of oppositely reciprocated warps, and mechanism including asingle cam operatively connected with both of said elements foractuating the latter.

5. The method for obtaining uniform selvages in looms employingwarp-wise pile wires, which consists in oppositely verticallyreciprocating the pile warps at the opposite sides of the loom in theshed-forming operations correspondingly relatively moving the warpsand,the individually associated wires transversely to form the pileloops on thewires, and feeding the weft in each instance from that sideat which the pile warp then occupies the elevated position.

6. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warp-wise pile wires,of means for relatively moving a series of warp threads both verticallyand transversely with respect to the said wires and for tying in thewarps to form a series of loops passing over the wires, and meanswhereby the said vertical movement of the warps at the opposite sides ofthe machine is in opposite directions whereby in each pass of theshuttle the pile warp on the side from which the shuttle enters may bein an elevated pos1- tion.

7 In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warp-wise pile wires,of means for vertically reciprocating a series of warp threads and fortransversely relatively moving the warps and the said wires so that thesuccessive vertical movements of the warps are on opposite sides of thewire s, means for tying in the warps so that 1n sa1d movements a seriesof loops is formed on the respective wires, and means whereby the saidvertical movements of the warps at the opposite sides of the machme are1n opposite directions whereby in each pass of the shuttle the pile warpon the side from which the shuttle enters may be in an elevatedposition.

. RICHARD MARX.

